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[Music]

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>> My name is Richard
Chapleau, I taught 25

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years for the high schools out
here.

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I did my doctorate
at UCLA, go Bruins.

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I want to talk about pressure
because since this is

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aeronautics and airplanes go up
in the air and so do spacecraft,

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we're really concerned
about pressure effects.

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[Music]

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PVnRt is the ideal gas
law, pressure times volume

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of a gas is equal to
the amount of gas,

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that's the lower case n plus
an R, and R is just a constant,

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times the temperature.

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But do you see the P and the
V are on one side and the

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n and the t are on the other?

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Elevators and seesaws-

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if you'd all put your hands like
this right now please-

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say same side seesaw.

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[Teachers]: Same side seesaw.

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Other side elevator.

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[Music]

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Looking at the ideal gas
law, are pressure and volume

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on a seesaw or an elevator?

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[Teachers]: Seesaw.

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So I'm going to lower the
pressure.

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What should happen to
the size of that balloon?

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It should increase,
shouldn't it?

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[Vacuum pump]

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Well, is it?

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Now, what's going to
happen as I, once again,

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increase the pressure, what
should happen to the volume?

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It should decrease
again, shouldn't it?

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Never take the cap off fast.

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It's a-boiling.

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Is it hotter in there?

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No, the definition of
boiling is when the pressure

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above a liquid is equal to
the pressure of the liquid.

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[Background noise]

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It goes on and off, see it? 
On-off-

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'cause we're letting
the pressure on there.

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So try that again.

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[Music]

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>>So basically it's
a same side seesaw

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so when the pressure
increases, the volume decreases

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and they shrivel up and
when the pressure decreases,

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the volume increases
and they expand,

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and that's what you're seeing

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in the same side seesaw
of the ideal gas law.

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[Richard Chapleau]: Oh neat,
huh?

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We don't want this
to happen to us

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and that's why we have a subject
matter expert with us

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that will show how NASA has
overcome these problems.

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[Music]

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>>This suit right here is
the one that we use out at NASA.

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He talked about Boyle's
Law and you saw the effects

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of water boiling.
At 63,000 feet of altitude-

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that's where water boils at
body temperature, 98 degrees.

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The whole premise of this suit
is to keep three and a half PSI

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on your body at all times.

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So you're flying along-
some little 10 cent O-ring

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on your airplane breaks,
your engine quits,

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your canopy flies off,

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the outside environment comes
rushing into your cockpit.

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[Suit inflating]